Particular Redemption
Spurgeon defends particular redemption by measuring Christ's atonement five ways: the enormity of human guilt, the inflexibility of divine justice, the agonizing price Christ paid, the glorious deliverance believers experience, and the definite design of salvation for a chosen multitude.
Primary Verses
From Evangelist to Pastor: A New Season of Teaching
Even as the Son of Man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister and to give his life a ransom for many." Matthew 20, 28.
First, it was my duty to occupy this pulpit and preach in this hall. My congregation assumed the appearance of an irregular mass of persons collected from all the streets of this city to listen to the word. I was then simply an evangelist, preaching to many who had not heard the gospel before.
By the grace of God, the most blessed change has taken place, and now, instead of having an irregular multitude gathered together, my congregation is as fixed as that of any minister in the whole city of London. I can, from this pulpit, observe the countenance of my friends, who have occupied the same places as nearly as possible for these many months, and I have the privilege and the pleasure of knowing that a very large proportion,
Certainly three-fourths of the persons who meet together here, are not persons who stray hither from curiosity, but are my regular and constant heroes, and observe that my character also has been changed. from being an evangelist, it is now my business to become your pastor.
You were once a motley group assembled to listen to me, but now we are bound together by the ties of love, through association we have grown to love and respect each other, and now you have become the sheep of my pasture and members of my flock, and I have now the privilege of assuming the position of a pastor in this place, as well as in the chapel where I labor in the evening.
I think then, it will strike the judgment of every person that has both the congregation and office have now changed, that teaching itself should in some measure suffer a difference. It has been my want to address you from the simple truths of the gospel. I have very seldom in this place attempted to dive into the deep things of God. A text which I have thought suitable for my congregation in the evening,
I should not have made the subject of discussion in this place in the morning.
There are many high and mysterious doctrines which I have often taken the opportunity of handling in my own place, that I have not taken the liberty of introducing here, regarding you as a company of people casually gathered together to hear the word. But now, since the circumstances are changed, the teaching will be changed also. I shall not now simply confine myself to the doctrine of faith or the teaching of believers' baptism.
I shall not stay upon the surface of matters, but shall venture, as God shall guide me, to enter into those things that lie at the basis of the religion that we hold so dear. I shall not blush to preach before you, the doctrine of God's divine sovereignty. I shall not stagger to preach, in the most unreserved and unguarded manner, the doctrine of election.
I shall not be afraid to propound the great truth of the final perseverance of the saints. I shall not withhold that undoubted truth of Scripture, the effectual calling of God's elect. I shall endeavour, as God shall help me, to keep back nothing from you who have become my flock. Seeing that many of you have now tasted that the Lord is gracious, we will endeavour to go through the whole system of the doctrines of grace that saints may be edified and built up in their most holy faith.
I begin this morning with the doctrine of redemption. He gave his life a ransom for many. The doctrine of redemption is one of the most important doctrines of the system of faith. A mistake on this point will inevitably lead to a mistake through the entire system of our belief.
Two Theories of Redemption: Arminian and Reformed
Now, you are aware that there are different theories of redemption. All Christians hold that Christ died to redeem, but all Christians do not teach the same redemption. We differ as to the nature of atonement,
And as to the design of redemption. For instance, the Arminian holds that Christ, when he died, did not die with an intent to save any particular person. And they teach that Christ's death does not in itself secure beyond doubt the salvation of any one man living. They believe that Christ died to make the salvation of all men possible, or that by the doing of something else any man who pleases may attain unto eternal life.
Consequently, they are obliged to hold that if man's will would not give way and voluntarily surrender to grace, then Christ's atonement would be unavailing.
They hold that there was no particularity and speciality in the death of Christ. Christ died according to them as much for Judas in hell as for Peter who mounted to heaven. They believed that for those who are consigned to eternal fire there was a true and real redemption made, as for those who now stand before the throne of the Most High. Now, we believe no such thing.
We hold that Christ, when he died, had an object in view, and that object, will most assuredly and beyond a doubt, be accomplished. We measure the design of Christ's death by the effect of it. If anyone asks us, what did Christ's design to do by his death? We answer that question by asking him another. What has Christ done, or what will Christ do by his death?
For we declare that the measure of the effect of Christ's love is the measure of the design of it. We cannot so belie our reason as to think that the intention of Almighty God could be frustrated, or that the design of so great a thing as the Atonement, can by any way whatever be missed of. We hold. We are not afraid to say that we believe.
That Christ came into this world with the intention of saving a multitude which no man can number. And we believe that, as the result of this, every person for whom he died must, beyond the shadow of a doubt, be cleansed from sin and stand, washed in blood before the Father's throne. We do not believe that Christ made any effectual atonement for those who offer ever damned.
We dare not think that the blood of Christ was ever shed with the intention of saving those whom God foreign you never could be saved, and some of whom were even in hell when Christ, according to some men's account, died to save them. I have thus just stated our theory of redemption and hinted at the differences which exist between two great parties in the professing church.
It shall be now my endeavor to show the greatness of the redemption of Christ Jesus, and by so doing, I hope to be enabled by God's Spirit to bring out the whole of the great system of redemption so that it may be understood by us all, even if all of us cannot receive it.
For you must bear this in mind that some of you perhaps may be ready to dispute things which I assert, but you will remember that this is nothing to me. I shall at all times teach those things which I hold to be true, without let or hindrance from any man breathing.
You have the light liberty to do the same in your own places, and to preach your own views in your own assemblies, as I claim the right to preach mine fully and without hesitation. Christ. Jesus gave His life a ransom for many, and by that ransom He wrought out for us a great redemption. I shall endeavor to show the greatness of this redemption, measuring it in five ways.
Outline of Five Measures of Redemption's Greatness
We shall note its greatness, first of all from the heinousness of our own guilt, from which He has delivered us. Secondly, we shall measure His redemption by the sternness of divine justice. Thirdly, we shall measure it by the price which he paid, the pangs which he endured.
Then we shall endeavour to magnify it by noting the deliverance which he actually wrought out. And we shall close by noticing the vast number for whom this redemption is made, who in our text are described as many.
First Measure: The Heinousness of Our Guilt
First, then we shall see that the redemption of Christ was no little thing if we do but measure it, first by O-U-R-O-N-Sins. My brethren, for a moment, look at the whole of the pit when she would date, and the quarry when she would hune. Ye, who have been washed and cleansed and sanctified, pause for a moment and look back at the former state of your ignorance, the sins in which you indulged, the crimes into which you were hurried, the continual rebellion against
God in which it was your habit to live. One sin can ruin a soul forever. It is not in the power of the human mind to grasp the infinity of evil that slumbereth in the bowels of one solitary sin.
There is a very infinity of guilt couched in one transgression against the majesty of heaven. If then, you and I had sinned but once, nothing but an atonement infinite in value could ever have washed away the sin and made satisfaction for it. But has it been once that you and I have transgressed? Nay, my brethren, our iniquities are more in number than the hares of our head.
They have mightily prevailed against us. We might as well attempt to number the sands upon the seashore, or count the drops which in their aggregate do make the ocean as attempt to count the transgressions which have marked our lives. Let us go back to our childhood, how early we began to sin, how we disobeyed our parents, and even then learned to make our mouth the house of lies.
In our childhood, how full of wantoness and waywardness we were, had strong and giddy we preferred our own way, and burst through all restraint which godly parents put upon us. Nor did our youth sober us. Wildly we dashed many of us into the very midst of the dance of sin.
We became leaders in iniquity, we not only sinned ourselves, but we taught others to sin. And as for your manhood, ye that have entered upon the prime of life, ye may be more outwardly sober, ye may be somewhat free from the dissipation of your youth. but how little as the man become bettered.
Unless the sovereign grace of God hath renewed us, we are now no better than we were when we began. And even if it has operated, we have still sins to repent of, for we all lay our mouths in the dust and cast ashes on our head and cry, unclean, unclean. Ye that lean wearily on your staff, the support of your old age, have you not sinned still clinging to your garments?
Are your lives as white as the snowy hairs that crown your head? Do you not still feel that transgression bismirs the skirts of your robe, and Mars its spotlessness? How often are you now plunged into the ditch till your own clothes do abhor you? Cast your eyes over the 60, the 70, the 80 years, during which God has spared your lives, and can you for a moment think it possible that you can number up your innumerable transgressions or compute the weight of
The crimes which you have committed. O ye stars of heaven, the astronomers may measure your distance and tell your height, but O ye sins of mankind, ye surpass all thought. O ye lofty mountains, the home of the tempest, the birthplace of the storm. Man may climb your summits and stand wonderingly upon your snows, but ye hills of sin, ye tower higher than our thoughts ye chasms of transgressions,
Ye are deeper than our imagination dares to dive. To you accuse me of slandering human nature, it is because you know it not.
If God had once manifested your heart to yourself, you would bear me witness that so far from exaggerating my poor words failed to describe the desperateness of our evil. Oh, if we could each of us look into our hearts today, if our eyes could be turned within, so as to see the iniquity that is graven as with the point of the diamond upon our stony hearts, we
Should then say to the minister that, however he may depict the desperateness of guilt, yet can he not by any means surpass it. How great then, beloved, must be the ransom of Christ when he saved us from all these sins. The men for whom Jesus died, however great they're sin when they believe, are justified from all their transgressions.
Though they may have endorsed in every vice and every lust which Satan could suggest, and which human nature could perform, yet once believing, all their guilt is washed away. Year after year may have coated them with blackness, till their sin have become of double die, but in one moment of faith, one triumphant moment of confidence in Christ, the great redemption takes away the guilt of numerous years.
Nay, more. If it were possible for all the sins that man have done, in thought, or word, or deed since worlds were made, or time began, to meet on one poor head. The great redemption is all sufficient to take all these sins away, and wash the sinner whiter than the driven snow. Oh, who shall measure the heights of the Savior's all-sufficiency?
First, tell how high is sin. And then, remember that as Noah's flood prevailed over the tops of earth's mountains, so the flood of Christ's redemption prevails over the tops of the mountains of our sins.
In heaven's courts, there are today men that once were murderers and thieves and drunkards and hallmongers and blasphemers and persecutors, but they have been washed. They have been sanctified. Ask them whence the brightness of their robes hath come, and where their purity hath been achieved, and they, with united breath, tell you that they have washed their robes, and made them white in the blood of the Lamb.
O ye troubled consciences, O ye weary and heavy laden ones, O ye that are groaning on account of sin, The great redemption now proclaimed to you is all sufficient for your wants, and though your numerous sins exceed the stars that deck the sky, here is an atonement made for them all,
A river which can overflow the whole of them, and carry them away from you forever.
Second Measure: The Sternness of Divine Justice
This then is the first measure of the atonement, the greatness of our guilt.
Now, secondly, we must measure the great redemption, be why the sternness of divine justice. God is love, always loving, but my next proposition does not at all interfere with this assertion. God is sternly just, inflexibly severe in his dealings with mankind. The God of the Bible is not the God of some men's imagination, who thinks so little of sin that he passes it by without demanding any punishment for it.
He is not the God of the men who imagine that our transgressions are such little things, such mere peccadillos, that the God of heaven winks at them and suffers them to die forgotten. No, Jehovah, Israel's God hath declared concerning Himself, the Lord thy God is a jealous God.
It is His own declaration, I will by no means clear the guilty.
Ezekiel 18:4 16:04"Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sinneth, it shall die."
The soul that sineth, it shall die. Learn ye my friends, to look upon God as being a severe in his justice as if he were not loving and yet as loving as if he were not severe.
His love does not diminish His justice, nor does His justice in the least degree make warfare upon His love. The two things are sweetly linked together in the atonement of Christ. But, Mark, we can never understand the fullness of the atonement till we have first grasped the scriptural truth of God's immense justice. There was never an ill word spoken, nor an ill thought conceived, nor an evil deed done,
For which God will not have punishment from some one or another. He will either have satisfaction from you, or else from Christ. If you have no atonement to bring through Christ, You must forever lie paying the debt which you never can pay. In eternal misery, for a surely as God is God, He will sooner lose His Godhead than suffer one sin to go unpunished, or one particle of rebellion un-revenged.
You may say that this character of God is cold and stern and severe. I cannot help what you say of it. It is nevertheless true. Such is the God of the Bible, and though we repeat it is true that He is love. It is no more true that he is love than that he is full of justice. For every good thing meets in God and is carried to perfection, whilst love reaches to consummate loveliness, justice reaches to the sternness of inflexibility in him.
He has no bend, no warp in his character, no attribute so predominates as to cast a shadow upon the other. Love has its full sway, and justice has no narrower limit than his love.
Oh, then beloved, think how great must have been the substitution of Christ when it satisfy God for all the sins of His people. For man's sin, God demands eternal punishment, and God has prepared a hell into which he casts those who die impenetent. Oh, my brethren, can you think what must have been the greatness of the atonement which was the substitution for all this agony which God would have cast upon us if he had not poured it upon Christ?
Look, look! Look with solemn eye through the shades that part us from the world of spirits and see that house of misery which men call hell.
You cannot endure the spectacle. Remember, that in that place there are spirits forever, paying their debt to divine justice. But though some of them have been for these 4,000 years sweltering in the flame, they are no nearer a discharge than when they began. And when 10,000 times 10,000 years shall have rolled away, They will no more have made satisfaction to God for their guilt than they have done up till now.
And now can you grasp the thought of the greatness of your Savior's mediation when He paid your debt and paid it all at once so that they now remain, if not one farthing of debt, owing from Christ's people to their God except a debt of love. to justice the believer oweeth nothing, though he owed originally so much that eternity would not have been long enough to suffice for the paying of it, yet in one moment Christ did pay it all, so that the man
Application: The Convicted Sinner Finds Peace at the Cross
Who believeeth is entirely justified from all guilt and set free from all punishment through what Jesus hath done. Think ye then how great his atonement if he hath done all this.
I must just pause here and utter another sentence. There are times when God the Holy Spirit shows to men the sternness of justice in their own consciences. There is a man here today who has just been cut to the heart with a sense of sin. He was once a free man, a liberty in bondage to none, but now the arrow of the Lord sticks fast in his heart, and he has come under a bondage worse than that of Egypt.
I see him today, he tells me that his guilt haunts him everywhere. The Negro slave guided by the Polestar may escape the cruel ties of his master and reach another land where he may be free, but this man feels that if he were to wander the wide world over, he could not escape from guilt.
He that has been bound by many ions can yet find a file that can unbind him and set him at liberty. But this man tells you that he has tried prayers and tears and good works, but cannot escape the gifts from his wrist. He feels as a lost sinner still, and emancipation, do what he may, seems to him impossible.
The captive in the dungeon is sometimes free in thought, though not in body, through his dungeon walls, his spirit leaps and flies to the stars, free as the eagle that is no man's slave. But this man is a slave in his thoughts. He cannot think one bright, one happy thought. His soul is cast down within him. The iron has entered into his spirit, and he is sorely afflicted.
The cactus sometimes forgets his slavery and sleep. But this man cannot sleep. By night he dreams of hell. By day he seems to feel it. He bears a burning furnace of flame within his heart. And do what he may, he cannot quench it. He has been confirmed. He has been baptized. He takes the sacrament. He attends a church, or he frequents a chapel.
He regards every rubric and obeys every canon. But the fire burns still. He gives his money to the poor. He is ready to give his body to be burned. He feeds the hungry. He visits the sick. He clothes the naked. But the fire burns still. And do what he may. He cannot quench it. O ye sons of weariness and woe, this that you feel is God's justice in full pursuit of you and happy are you that you feel this, for now to you I preach this glorious gospel of the blessed God.
You are the man for whom Jesus Christ has died, for you he has satisfied stern justice, and now all you have to do to obtain peace of conscience is just to say to your adversary who pursues you. Look you there. Christ died for me, my good works would not stop you, my tears would not appease you, look you there.
Third Measure: The Price Christ Paid
There stands the cross, there hangs the bleeding God, hawk to his death, shriek, see him die, art thou not satisfied now. And when thou hast done that, thou shalt have the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, which shall keep thy heart and mind through Jesus Christ thy Lord, and then shall thou know the greatness of his atonement.
3. In the third place, we may measure the greatness of Christ's redemption by the price of paid. It is impossible for us to know how great were the pangs of our Savior, but yet some glimpse of them will afford us a little idea of the greatness of the price he paid for us. O Jesus, who shall describe thine agony, Come, all these springs, dwell in my head and eyes, come clouds and rain, my grief hath need of all the watery things that nature hath produced.
Let every vein. Suck up a river to supply mine eyes, my weary weeping eyes to dry for me, unless they get new conduits, new supplies to bear them out, and with my state of grief.
Oh, Jesus!" That was the sufferer from thy birth, a man of sorrows and griefs acquaintance, thy sufferings fell on thee in one perpetual shower until the last dread hour of darkness. They're not in a shower, but in a cloud, a torrent, a cataract of grief, thine agonies did dash upon thee. See him yonder, it is a night of frost and cold, but he is all abroad.
Matthew 26:38 24:28"Then saith he unto them, My soul is exceeding sorrowful, even unto death: tarry ye here, and watch with me."
It is night. he sleeps not, but he is in prayer. Hark to his groans, did ever man wrestle as he wrestles, go and look in his face, was ever such suffering depicted upon mortal countenance as you can there behold? Hear his own words, my soul is exceeding sorrowful, even unto death. He rises, he is seized by traitors, and is dragged away.
Let us step to the place when just now he was engaged in agony. Oh, God, and what is this we see? What is this that stains the ground? It is blood, whence came it. Had he some wound which oozed afresh through his dire struggle?
Ah, no. He sweat as it were, great drops of blood falling down to the ground. Oh, agonies that surpass the word by which we name you.
Oh, sufferings that cannot be compassed in language. What could ye be that, thus could work upon the Savior's blessed frame and force a bloody sweat to fall from his entire body? This is the beginning. This is the opening of the tragedy.
Follow him mournfully, thou sorrowing church, to witness the consummation of it. He is hurried through the streets. He is dragged first to one bar and then to another. He is cast and condemned before the Sanhedrin. He is mocked by Herod. He is tried by Pilate.
His sentence is pronounced. Let him be crucified. and now the tragedy cometh to its height. His back is beared, he is tied to the low Roman column, the bloody scourge plows furrows on his back, and with one stream of blood his back is red, a crimson robe that proclaims him emperor of misery.
He is taken into the guard room, his eyes are bound, and then they buff at him and say, prophesy who it was that smoked thee. They spit into his face, they platter crown of thorns, and press his temples with it, they array him in a purple robe, they bow their knees and mock him. All silently he sits, he answers not a word.
When he was reviled, he reviled not again, but committed himself unto him whom he came to serve. And now they take him, and with many a jeer and jive, they drive him from the place and hurry him through the streets, emaciated by continual fastings, and depressed with agony of spirit. He stumbles beneath his cross.
They raise him up, they put his cross upon another shoulders, and they urge him on. Perhaps with many a spear prick, till at last he reaches the mount of doom. Rough soldiers seize him, and hurl him on his back, the transverse wood is laid beneath him. His arms are stretched to reach the necessary distance. The nails are grasped. four hammers at one moment drive, four nails through the tendrous parts of his body, and there he lies upon his own place of execution dying on his cross.
It is not done yet. The cross is lifted by the rough soldiers. There is the socket prepared for it. It is dashed into its place. They fill up the place with earth, and there it stands. But see the saviors' limbs, how they quiver. Every bone has been put out of joint by the dashing of the cross in that socket. how he weeps,
How he sighs, how he sobs. Nay, more, hawk, how at last he shrieks in agony, my God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? Oh, son, no wonder thou did shut thy eye and looked no longer upon a deed so cruel. O rocks, no wonder that you did melt and rend your hearts with sympathy when your creator died. Never man suffered, as this man suffered, even death itself relented, and many of those who had been in their graves arose and came into the city.
Matthew 27:46 28:18"And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?"
This, however, is but the outward. Believe me, brethren, the inward was far worse. What our Savior suffered in His body was nothing compared to what He endured in His soul. You cannot guess, and I cannot help you to guess what He endured within. Suppose, for one moment, to repeat a sentence I have often used, suppose a man who has passed into hell, suppose his eternal torment could all be brought into one hour, and then suppose it could be multiplied by the
Number of the saved, which is a number passed all human enumeration. Can you now think what a vast aggregate of misery there would have been in the sufferings of all God's people if they had been punished through all eternity?
And recollect that Christ had to suffer an equivalent for all the hells of all His redeemed. I can never express that thought better than by using those oft-repeated words, it seemed as if hell were put into his cup, he seized it, and, at one tremendous draft of love, he drank damnation dry.
Fourth Measure: The Glorious Deliverance Wrought
So that there was nothing left of all the pangs and miseries of hell for his people ever to endure. I say not that he suffered the same, but he did endure an equivalent for all this, and gave God the satisfaction for all the sins of all his people, and consequently gave him an equivalent for all their punishment. Now can you dream? Can you guess the great redemption of our Lord Jesus Christ?
4. I shall be very brief upon the next head. The fourth way of measuring the Saviour's agonies is this. We must compute them by the glorious deliverance which he has affected. Rise up believer, stand up in thy place, and this day testify to the greatness of what the Lord hath done for thee. Let me tell it for thee.
I will tell thy experience and mine in one breath." Once my soul was laden with sin, I had revolted against God and grievously transgressed. The terrors of the Lord get hold upon me. The pangs of conviction seized me. I saw myself guilty. I looked to heaven, and I saw an angry God sworn to punish me. I looked beneath me, and I saw a yearning.
Hell, ready to devour me. I sought by good works to satisfy my conscience, but all in vain I endeavored by attending to the ceremonies of religion to appease the pangs that I felt within but all without effect.
My soul was exceeding sorrowful, almost unto death. I could have said with the ancient mourner, my soul chooses strangling and death rather than life.
This was the great question that always perplex me. I have sinned. God must punish me. How can he be just if he does not? Then since he is just, what has to become of me?
1 John 1:7 31:51"But if we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship one with another, and the blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin."
At last, my eyes turned to that sweet word which says, The blood of Jesus Christ, His Son cleanser from all sin.
I took that text to my chamber. I sat there and meditated. I saw one hanging on a cross. It was my Lord Jesus.
1 Timothy 1:15 32:11"This is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners; of whom I am chief."
There was the thorn crown and there the emblems of unequaled and peerless misery. I looked upon him, and my thoughts recalled that word which says, This is a faithful saying and worthy of all acceptation that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners.
Then said I within myself, Did this man die for sinners? I am a sinner, then he died for me. Those he died for, he will save. He died for sinners, I am a sinner, he died for me, he will save me." My soul relied upon that truth. I looked to him, and as I viewed the flowing of his soul redeeming blood, my spirit rejoiced, for I could say nothing in my hands I bring.
Simply to this cross I cling, naked looked to him for dress, helpless come to him for grace. Black eye to this fountain fly, wash me, saviour, or I die, and now, believe her, you shall tell the rest. The moment that you believed your burden rolled from your shoulder, and you became light as air. Instead of darkness you had light, for the garments of heaviness you had the robes of praise.
Who shall tell your joy since then? You have sung on earth hymns of heaven, and in your peaceful soul you have anticipated the eternal Sabbath of the redeemed. Because you have believed you have entered into rest.
Fifth Measure: The Extent of Redemption — A Ransom for Many
Yes, tell it to wide world over, they that believe by Jesus' death are justified from all things, from which they could not be freed by the works of the law. Tell it in heaven that none can lay anything to the charge of God's elect. Tell it upon earth that God's redeemed are free from sin in Jehovah's sight. Tell it even in hell that God's elect can never come there, for Christ hath died for them, and who is He that shall condemn them.
The, I have hurried over that to come to the last point which is the sweetest of all. Jesus Christ, we are told in our text, came into the world to give his life a ransom for many. The greatness of Christ's redemption may be measured by the e-extent of the design of it. He gave his life a ransom for many.
I must now return to that contraverted point again. We are often told, I mean those of us who are commonly nicknamed by the title of Calvinists, and we are not very much ashamed of that.
We think that Calvin, after all, knew more about the gospel than almost any man who has ever lived, uninspired. We are often told that we limit the atonement of Christ, because we say that Christ has not made a satisfaction for all men, or all men would be saved.
Now, our reply to this is that, on the other hand, our opponents limit it, we do not. The Armenians say, Christ died for all men. Ask them what they mean by it. Did Christ die so as to secure the salvation of all men? They say, no, certainly not. We ask them the next question. Did Christ die so as to secure the salvation of any man in particular?
They answer, no. They are obliged to admit this. If they are consistent, they say, no. Christ has died that any man may be saved if, and then follow certain conditions of salvation. We say then, we will go back to the Old Statement. Christ did not die, so as beyond a doubt to secure the salvation of anybody, did He? You must say, no, you are obliged to say so, for you believe that even after a man has been pardoned, he may yet fall from grace and perish.
Now, who is it that limits the death of Christ? Why you? You say that Christ did not die so as to infallibly secure the salvation of anybody. We beg your pardon. When you say we limit Christ's death, we say no, my dear sir, it is you that do it.
We say Christ so died that he infallibly secured the salvation of a multitude that no man can number who through Christ's death not only may be saved, but are saved, must be saved and cannot by any possibility run the hazard of being anything but saved. You are welcome to your atonement. You may keep it. We will never renounce ours for the sake of it.
Now I'd love it. When you hear anyone laughing or jeering at a limited atonement, you may tell him this.
General atonement is like a great wide bridge with only half an arch. It does not go across the stream. It only professes to go halfway. It does not secure the salvation of anybody. I had rather put my foot upon a bridge as narrow as Hungerford which went all the way across, than on a bridge that was as wide as the world if it did not go all the way across the
Stream. I am told, it is my duty to say that all men have been redeemed, and I am told that there is a scriptural warrant for it, who gave himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due time. Now, that looks like a very, very great argument, indeed, on the other side of the question. For instance, look here.
The whole world is gone after him. Did all the world go after Christ, then went all Judea and were baptized of him in Jordan? was all Judea or all Jerusalem baptized in Jordan. Ye are of God, little children, and the whole world lieth in the wicked one.
Gospel Invitation: For Whom Did Christ Die?
Does the whole world there mean everybody? If so, how was it then that there were some who were of God? The words world and all are used in seven or eight senses in scripture, and it is very rarely that all means all persons taken individually. The words are generally used to signify that Christ has redeemed some of all sorts, some Jews, some Gentiles, some rich, some poor, and has not restricted his redemption to either Jew or Gentile.
Leaving controversy, however, I will now answer a question. Tell me then, sir, whom did Christ die for? Will you answer me a question or two, and I will tell you whether he died for you? Do you want a Savior? Do you feel that you need a Savior? Are you this morning conscious of sin? Has the Holy Spirit taught you that you are lost?
Then Christ died for you and you will be saved. Are you this morning conscious that you have no hope in the world but Christ? Do you feel that you of yourself cannot offer an atonement that can satisfy God's justice? Have you given up all confidence in yourselves? And can you say upon your bended knees, Lord, save or I perish? Christ died for you.
If you are saying this morning, I am as good as I ought to be. I can get to heaven by my own good works. Then, remember, the Scripture says of Jesus, I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance. So long as you are in that state, I have no atonement to preach to you.
But if this morning you feel guilty, wretched, conscious of your guilt, and are ready to take Christ to be your only Savior, I cannot only say to you that you may be saved, but what is better still, that you will be saved. When you are strict of everything but hope in Christ, when you are prepared to come empty handed and take Christ to be your all and to be yourself nothing at all, then you may look up to
Christ and you may say, thou dear, thou bleeding Lamb of God. Thy griefs were endured for me, by thy stripes I am healed, and by thy sufferings I am pardoned. And then see what peace of mind you will have. For if Christ has died for you, you cannot be lost. God will not punish twice for one thing. If God punished Christ for your sin, he will never punish you.
Payment. God's justice cannot demand first at the bleeding surety's hand and then again at mine. We can today, if we believe in Christ, march to the very throne of God, stand there. And if it is said, art thou guilty? We can say, yes, guilty. But if the question is put, what have you to say, why you should not be punished for your guilt?
We can answer, great God, thy justice and thy love are both guarantees that thou wilt not punish us for sin. For didst thou not punish Christ for sin for us? How canst thou then be just? How canst thou be God at all if thou dost punish Christ the substitute and then punish man himself afterwards? Your only question is, did Christ die for me?
And the only answer we can give is, This is a fateful saying and worthy of all acceptation that Christ came into the world to save sinners. Can you write your name down among the sinners? Not among the complimentary sinners, but among those that feel it, bemoan the complimentary sinners, but among those that feel it.
Are you a sinner? That felt. That known. That professed you are now invited to believe that Jesus Christ died for you because you are a sinner and you are bitten to cast yourself upon this great immovable rock and find eternal security in the Lord Jesus Christ.
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Referenced Scriptures
Major Points
Christ's atonement had a definite design — He died to infallibly secure the salvation of His people, not merely to make salvation possible
The infinite heinousness of even one sin demands an atonement of infinite value, yet Christ's redemption prevails over all our accumulated transgressions
God's justice and love coexist without compromise — every sin must be punished either in the sinner or in Christ the substitute
Particular redemption does not limit the atonement but secures it — a narrow bridge that spans the whole stream is better than a wide one that reaches only halfway
Discussion Questions
- 1
Spurgeon argues that we should measure the design of Christ's death by its effect. How does this principle shape your understanding of what the atonement accomplished versus what it merely made possible?
- 2
How does Spurgeon's vivid depiction of sin's enormity — from childhood through old age — challenge modern tendencies to minimize personal transgression?
- 3
Spurgeon insists that God's love and justice are equally infinite and neither diminishes the other. How does the cross demonstrate both attributes simultaneously?
- 4
What does the illustration of the bridge mean for the assurance of salvation? Is a narrow bridge that reaches all the way across more comforting than a wide one that stops halfway?
- 5
Spurgeon closes by asking hearers whether they feel their sin. Why does he make felt conviction rather than intellectual agreement the criterion for knowing Christ died for you?
Word Studies
A price paid to release a captive or slave; the ransom money that purchases freedom. In Matthew 20:28 it denotes the substitutionary payment Christ made with His own life to liberate His people from the bondage of sin and death.
Matthew 20:28 — “to give his life a ransom for many”
A preposition meaning 'in the place of' or 'instead of,' indicating direct substitution. In the phrase 'a ransom for many' (lytron anti pollon), it establishes that Christ's death was offered as a substitute in the stead of His people.
Matthew 20:28 — “a ransom for many”
The genitive plural of 'polys' meaning 'many' — a definite multitude rather than 'all without exception.' Spurgeon builds his entire argument on this word, contending that Christ's ransom was designed for a specific, vast company of the elect rather than for every individual universally.
Matthew 20:28 — “a ransom for many”
This Week's Reading Plan
Go deeper this week with the passages from this sermon.
Read Matthew 20 for the full context
What stands out to you in this passage? How does it connect to the sermon?
Read Ezekiel 18 for the full context
Is there a promise, command, or truth here that applies to your life this week?
Read Matthew 26 for the full context
How does this passage shape the way you see God's character?
Read Matthew 27 for the full context
What would change in your daily life if you took this passage seriously?
Read 1 John 1 for the full context
As you finish the week, what one truth from this series of readings will you carry forward?
Cross References
The Suffering Servant shall 'justify many' and 'bear the sin of many' — the definite atonement language Spurgeon draws on, where the Servant's suffering secures the actual justification of a particular people
Jesus says 'I lay down my life for the sheep' — Christ identifies those for whom He dies as His own sheep, not the world indiscriminately
Christ entered the holy place 'having obtained eternal redemption for us' — redemption is presented as accomplished fact, not merely offered possibility
God set forth Christ as a propitiation to demonstrate His righteousness — directly supports Spurgeon's argument that divine justice required full satisfaction
Christ 'loved the church, and gave himself for it' — the atonement is directed toward a definite people, the church, reinforcing the particularity Spurgeon defends
Further Reading
The Death of Death in the Death of Christ
by John Owen
Redemption Accomplished and Applied
by John Murray
The Cross of Christ
by John Stott